Алкуроний

Description

Alcuronium is a semi-synthetic biquaternary ammonium alkaloid, a derivative of toxiferine, an alkaloid of Calabash curare. Obtained by replacing two Nb-methyl groups of the C-toxiferin molecule with Nb-allyl groups. Refers to non-depolarizing muscle relaxants of the competitive type, the mechanism of action is similar to d-tubocurarine: selective blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the postsynaptic membrane of skeletal muscles, competitively displacing acetylcholine and preventing muscle contraction.

Basic Attributes

• CAS No.: 23214-96-2
• Chemical formula: C44H50N4O2
• Molecular weight: 666.905
• Exact weight: 666.393
• UNII: S8U3J5W06N
• DSSTox ID: DTXSID8048234
• ATX code: M - musculoskeletal system
• PSA specifications: 46.9
• XLogP3: 3.1

Synonyms

10H,21H-1,2110,12-Diethano-19aH,20bH-dipyrrolo[3,2-f3',2'-f'][1,5]diazocino[3,2,1-jk7,6,5-j'k']dicarbazolium, 2,3,11,11a,13,14,22,22a-octahydro-23,26-bis(2-hydroxyethylidene)-1,12-di-2-propen-1-yl-.

Scope of application

A short- and medium-acting non-depolarizing muscle relaxant used in anesthesiology to relax skeletal muscles during abdominal surgery and as an adjuvant for tracheal intubation. The potency is approximately twice that of d-tubocurarine: 0.15-0.25 mg/kg is usually sufficient for abdominal relaxation. The onset of action and duration of effect are comparable to d-tubocurarine, with a slightly shorter duration of action. Retains use as a short-acting muscle relaxant for minor surgical interventions.

Mechanism of action

Competitive blockade of nicotinic cholinergic receptors at the end plate of skeletal muscle: the alcuronium molecule binds to the receptor without causing depolarization and prevents the binding of acetylcholine, which interrupts the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscle fiber. The effect is reversible and can be removed by anticholinesterase drugs that increase the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.

Origin and place in the series of curare-like drugs

Alcuronium belongs to the group of semisynthetic bisquaternary derivatives of natural curare alkaloids, which also includes diallyl northoruanine and related structures. The replacement of methyl groups with allylic ones in toxiferin is a typical technique in medicinal chemistry of this series: the allylic substituent at the quaternary nitrogen increases the affinity for the nicotinic receptor compared to the methyl one, which explains the higher activity of alcuronium relative to d-tubocurarine with a similar general molecular framework.

Appeal

Like other biquaternary curare-like muscle relaxants, it is used exclusively under conditions of controlled ventilation under the supervision of an anesthesiologist. Reliable data on transport codes and GHS phrases for the commodity form are not provided in open sources.

Storage conditions

Store in a place protected from light at the temperature specified by the manufacturer of the dosage form, in sealed packaging - quaternary ammonium compounds of this type are sensitive to prolonged exposure to light and moisture.

Delivery form

Supplied as a pharmaceutical substance or ready-made solution for injection in ampoules, accompanied by a certificate of analysis and dosing instructions for anesthesiological practice; independent use outside a medical institution is excluded.